【1998年8级测试英译汉】

 I agree to some extent with my imaginary English reader. American literary historians are perhaps prone to view their own national scene too narrowly, mistaking prominence for uniqueness. They do over-phrase1 their own literature, or certainly its minor figures. And Americans do swing from aggressive over-phrase of their literature to an equally unfortunate, imitative deference. 2 But then, the English themselves are somewhat insular in their literary appraisals. 3 Moreover, in fields where they are not pre-eminent—e. g. in painting and music—they too alternate between boasting of native products and copying those of the Continent. How many English paintings try to look as though they were done in Paris; how many times have we read in articles that they really represent an “English tradition” after all.

  To speak of American literature, then, is not to assert that it is completely unlike that of Europe. Broadly speaking, America and Europe have kept step4. At any given moment5 the traveler could find examples in both of the same architecture, the same styles in dress, the same books on the shelves. Ideas have crossed the Atlantic as freely as men and merchandise, though sometimes more slowly. When I refer to American habit, thoughts, etc., I intend some sort of qualification to precede the word, for frequently the difference between America and Europe (especially England) will be one of degree, sometimes only of a small degree. The amount of divergence is a subtle affair, liable to perplex6 the Englishman when he looks at America. He is looking at a country which in important senses grew out of his own, which in several ways still resembles his own — and which is yet a foreign country.7 There are odd overlappings and abrupt unfamiliarities; kinship yields to a sudden alienation, as when we hail a person across the street, only to discover from his blank response that we have mistaken a stranger for a friend. 8

【1998年8级测试汉译英】

  1997年2月24日我们代表团下榻日月潭中信大饭店,送走了最后一批客人,已是次日凌晨3点了。我躺在床上久久不能入睡,披衣走到窗前,往外看去,只见四周峰峦叠翠,湖面波光粼粼。望着台湾这仅有的景色如画的天然湖泊,我想了许多,许多……

  这次到台湾访问交流,虽然行程匆匆,但是,看了不少地方,访了旧友,交了新知,大家走到一起,谈论的一个重要话题就是中华民族在21世纪的强盛1。虽然祖国大陆、台湾的青年生活在不同的社会环境中,有着各自不同的生活经历,但大家的内心都深深铭刻着中华文化优秀传统的印记,都拥有着振兴中华民族的共同理想2。在世纪之交的伟大时代,我们的祖国正在走向繁荣富强,海峡两岸人民也将加强交流,共同推进祖国统一大业的早日完成3。世纪之交的宝贵机遇和巨大挑战将青年推到了历史前台4。跨世纪青年一代应该用什么样的姿态迎接充满希望的新世纪,这是我们必须回答的问题5。

  日月潭水波不兴,仿佛与我一同在思索……

【1998年8级测试英译汉】

【概述】

  本文是一篇典型的学术型语篇,属于半口语型的学术语言。用词正式,句法简单,同时又口语感很强,读起来朗朗上口。对于这类语篇的理解,一般需要一定的专业知识。

【翻译要点评析】

  over-phrase:过分渲染,言过其实;over作为前缀意为“过分地”,如overestimate过高估计,表示过低用under,如underestimate低估。

  And Americans do swing from aggressive over-phrase of their literature to an equally unfortunate, imitative deference:此句翻译的关键在于正确理解原句意思,因此需要对原文结构进行改写,即“Americans do swing from aggressive over-phrase of their literature to imitative deference, which is an equally unfortunate.”其中swing from … to意为摇摆不定,忽左忽右,可译为“要么…要么…”;根据改写后的原句结构,我们可以将原句译为 “美国人确实也走极端,要么咄咄逼人,对本国文学大肆渲染,要么亦步亦趋,对别国文学顶礼膜拜。这两种做法同样的不幸。”

  But then, the English themselves are somewhat insular in their literary appraisals:But then表示语气的转折,这类词语很难处理,翻译时要格外小心,如果没有非常大的把握,宁可不译。此处根据上下文译为“不过”或“话又说回来”。insular意为超然物外的,孤立的,此处译为“孤陋寡闻”。

  keet step:指“步伐一致,协调一致” 。

  At any given moment:given一词可以不翻,将此短语直接译为“任何时候”。

  liable to perplex:容易使…困惑不解。

  He is looking at a country which in important senses grew out of his own, which in several ways still resembles his own — and which is yet a foreign country:此句带有3个定语从句,根据汉语表达习惯,应将country作为句子的主语部分,句子的主语变为谓语部分,因此用句子成分转译法,即“他所看的那个国家,从某些重要的意义上来说,脱胎于他自己的国家,并在某些方面与他自己的国家相差无几——然而,它却实实在在是一个异邦。”。

  There are odd overlappings and abrupt unfamiliarities; kinship yields to a sudden alienation, as when we hail a person across the street, only to discover from his blank response that we have mistaken a stranger for a friend:此句若直译,即“两者间存在着某些古怪的交替重迭,以及令人甚感突兀的陌生感;亲缘关系已让位于一种突如其来的异化与疏远,这种情景仿佛就像我们隔着马路向另一个人打招呼,结果却从这个人漠无表情的反应中发现,我们原来竟将一个陌生人误认为我们的熟人。”读起来有些生硬、拗口,所以用意译能较好地表达作者的意图,即“两个国家,既有重叠,也有陌生,重叠使人颇感奇怪,陌生令人觉着突如其来:亲戚一下子变做陌生路人。犹如我们向马路对面的某个行人打招呼,结果出乎意料,那人表情默然,原来,我们误把陌路当友人。”

【参考译文】

  在一定程度上,我赞同这位虚构的英国读者的观点。美国的文学史工作者也许惯于过分狭隘地看待本国文坛,误将显著当独特。他们的确过分渲染本国文学,至少对二流的作家肯定会吹捧。美国人确实也走极端,要么咄咄逼人,对本国文学大肆渲染,要么亦步亦趋,对别国文学顶礼膜拜。这两种做法同样的不幸。话又说回来,英国人自己在文学鉴赏方面也显得有些孤陋寡闻。而且,在诸如绘画音乐这些本国没有杰出成就的领域里,他们也走极端,要么吹嘘本国的作品,要么模仿大陆上的作品。试想,有多少幅英国画试图做得让人看上去像是在巴黎绘的;我们又有多少次读到他们的作品真正代表着一种“英国式的传统”呢?

  说到美国文学,并非意欲断言,它与欧洲文学全然不同。广而言之,美国与欧洲一直步伐一致。任何时刻,旅行者在两地均能看到同样的建筑,款式相同的服饰,相同的书籍。思想如同人员与货物往来一样,自由地横跨大西洋,不过有时会稍微慢一些。当我说美国习惯、美国思想等时,我只想在这一词汇前加上某种修饰语,因为,欧美(尤其是英美)之间的差异往往只是程度上的差异,而且有时候微乎其微。差异的多少至精至细,很容易使英国人对美国迷惑不解。他所看的那个国家,从某些重要的意义上来说,脱胎于他自己的国家,并在某些方面与他自己的国家相差无几——然而,它却实实在在是一个异邦。两个国家,既有重叠,也有陌生,重叠使人颇感奇怪,陌生令人觉着突如其来:亲戚一下子变做陌生路人。犹如我们向马路对面的某个行人打招呼,结果出乎意料,那人表情漠然,原来,我们误把陌路当友人。

 

【1998年8级测试英译汉】

【概述】

  这段文字是一篇赴台访问记的节选,文中夹叙夹议,用词讲究,文笔优美。翻译时有三大难点,一是文中的几个复杂的长句,如第二句长达75字,而且里面包含转折、并列等多种关系。二是我们习以为常的很多说法如“铭刻着……印记”,“推到历史前台”等要翻译好也不容易。三是这段文字涉及祖国统一的主题,笔下饱含感情,充满了对祖国统一的期望和对台湾同胞的深厚情意,所以翻译时措辞很关键。

【翻译要点评析】

  1.第一句的前半部分属于汉语无主句,在翻译成英文时需要增添主语,因为汉语是主题显著的语言,而英语是主语显著的语言。汉语句子建构在意念主轴(thought-pivot)上,句子强调的是意义,而不是结构。英语句子建构在形式(或主谓)主轴(form-pivot)上,强调句子结构的完整和严密,绝大多数英语句子需要主语和谓语。

  该句可分为两层意思,从句首到“交了新知”属第一层意思,翻译时可补充主语we,译成 We visited many places … ,或者以“访问交流”作主语译成 The visit enabled us to see many places…。

  该句的第二层意思很明确,翻译时也可有不同的处理方法,或者用“大家”作主语,译作People gather together and take …as an important topic of their talk, 或者用“重要话题” 作主语译成 an important topic of discussion was …。 笔者更倾向于后一种译法,这样更能突出“重要话题”。

  “行程匆匆”意思应该是日程安排得很紧, 走马观花似的在台湾参观访问,根据这个理解,可译成tight schedule;当然也可以说本次访问 brief and cursory。

  “谈论的一个重要话题就是中华民族在21世纪的强盛”,这个句子首先要理解正确,即如何使中华民族在21世纪繁荣昌盛,how to make China powerful and prosperous in the 21st century,而不是 Chinese people’s powerful and strong future in the 21st century。

  2. “虽然祖国大陆……振兴中华民族的共同理想” 是原文的第二个长句, 共有75字, 在“虽然……但是……”这个复合句中又包含几个并列句,翻译时要理清头绪,分清主次。

  “铭刻着……的印记”是汉语中常见的比喻,与“打上……的烙印”同义。 所幸的是英语中imprint也有相同的比喻,意思是(fig) fix something in sb’s mind (Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary)。Collins COBUILD Dictionary对这个词的解释是 If something leaves an imprint on a place or on your mind, it has a strong and lasting effect on it。

  “振兴(中华)”这个词经常出现在政论文章中,见诸报刊杂志,早已有了被大家广泛接受的译法,即rejuvenate 或 revitalize, 名词形式分别是 rejuvenation 和 revitalization。

  3. 第三句也有几层意思, 熟主熟次必须分清。该句主要成分应该是“海峡两岸人民也将加强交流,共同推进祖国统一大业的早日完成,” 因此可以将“我们的祖国正在走向繁荣昌盛”处理成一个状语从句, 增加连接词as, 这样整个句子也就主次分明了,符合英语“葡萄串型”或“多枝共干型”的结构。

  该句的关键是“统一”这个词的译法,牵扯到政治问题,应庄严对待。众所周知,台湾自古以来就是中国的一部分,只是由于历史原因才造成今天“孤悬海外”的情况,所以这里的“统一”只能是 reunification。类似的涉及国家政治外交政策的文章翻译时必须注意词汇的政治含义,正如著名毛选翻译家程镇球所说的那样“政治文章的翻译要讲政治”。 八级考试这段文字虽不是严格意义上的政治文章,但每当出现与政治相关的语句时,一定要慎重选词。

  4.第四句的结构很简单,但是“历史前台” 这个说法怎么译? Forefront 比较恰当,意思是the most forward or important position or place。

  5.最后一句中的“姿态” 不宜从字面理解和翻译, 引申的含义是“态度”, attitude, “充满希望”不宜译成replete with hopes, 因为replete with hopes意思是well-fed or full; well stocked or supplied, 与“充满希望”的意思相去甚远, 不如译成a new century of hope, 既简洁又准确。

【参考译文】

  When we stayed in Taiwan for an exchange program, despite the tight schedule, we visited many places, meeting old friends and make new ones. At every get-together, one important topic was how to make China powerful and prosperous in the 21st century. Though young people on the mainland and in Taiwan live in different social environments and have varied life experiences, their hearts are all imprinted with the fine tradition of the Chinese culture and they cherish the same ideal of rejuvenating the Chinese nation. The turn of the century has ushered in a great epoch during which our motherland is becoming stronger and more prosperous day by day. The people on both sides of the Taiwan Straits will strengthen exchanges and work together to bring about an earlier reunification of their motherland. The precious opportunities and tremendous challenges at the turn of the century have pushed the young people to the forefront of history. What attitude should be adopted by the cross-century younger generation to meet the new century of hope? This is a question that demands our answer.
(译文参考了常青藤英语考试研究组的《英语专业八级翻译指南》)